This list of lexical words found in the Northern Khanty transcribed texts allows you to navigate directly to examples in the audio and video recordings.
Each item is followed by a number which gives an indication of how many times the lexical word appears in the texts available in the collection for Northern Khanty.
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Search: śi. 327 total hits in 37 transcripts.
The crow song (1)
śi pɔl-ti paj | jăm χŏśa,
DP rot-NMLZ.IMPF asp good to
DP rot-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ asp хороший к
On the rotten asp
Brother and sister (3)
śikəńśa śi jăŋχ-ə-s, jăŋχ-ə-s ja ɔp-ij-el uś-s-ə-lli, ńŏχ-el pit-m-al, lŏw-ə-l pit-m-al. ńŏχ-el pit-m-al, tăl lŏw-i-l-al χaś-m-el. ɔp-ij-el jŏχi wɔχ-l-ə-lli: “ɔp-iji, jŭw-a, jŭw-a, jŭw-a , kăt kit śewi, śewi. ma itta năŋ-en, law-ə-l ătti, jŏχi tu-l-em.” śi pɔjkaś-ə-s, śi pɔjkaś-ə-s. śi itta ɔp-ij-el śi purl-ə-s-ŋən, śi jŏχi śi măn-s-ə-ŋən. ja χŭl wel-ti jăŋχ-ə-s, law-i-li-j-ə-l: “itta tălta ɔlŋəś, law-ə-l, ɔp-ij-el, law-ə-l apś-iji, i χŭl ki wel-l-ə-mən, law-ə-l ătti, i sup-ə-l năŋ liw-i, i sup-ə-l ma li-l-em.” pɔjkaś-s-ə-ŋən śikəńśa, itta tăm χătl mŏsa jăχa ul-l-ə-ŋən.
DP DP walk-0-PST walk-0-PST DP elder:sister-DIM-3SG find-PST-0-SG.3SG flesh-3SG fall-NMLZ.PF-3SG bone-0-3SG fall-NMLZ.PF-3SG flesh-3SG fall-NMLZ.PF-3SG bone-0-PL-3SG remain-NMLZ.PF-3PL elder:sister-DIM-3SG homewards beg-NONPST-0-SG.3SG elder:sister-DIM come-IMP come-IMP come-IMP INTJ INTJ INTJ INTJ 1SG DP 2SG-ACC/DAT say-0-NONPST DP homewards bring-NONPST-SG.1SG DP reconcile-0-PST DP reconcile-0-PST DP that sister-DIM-3SG FOC fly-0-PST-3DU DP homewards FOC go-PST-0-3DU DP fish kill-NMLZ.IMPF walk-0-PST say-0-IMPF-FREQ-0-NONPST DP from:here ahead say-0-NONPST elder:sister-DIM-3SG say-0-NONPST younger:brother-DIM one fish if kill-NONPST-0-2DU say-0-NONPST one piece-0-3SG 2SG eat-IMP.SG one piece-0-3SG 1SG eat-NONPST-SG.1SG reconcile-PST-0-3DU DP DP this day what together be-NONPST-0-3DU
DP DP идти-0-ПРОШ идти-0-ПРОШ DP старшая:сестра-ДИМ-3ЕД найти-ПРОШ-0-ЕД.3ЕД flesh-3ЕД fall-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД кость-0-3ЕД fall-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД flesh-3ЕД fall-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД кость-0-МН-3ЕД остаться-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3МН старшая:сестра-ДИМ-3ЕД homewards beg-NONPST-0-ЕД.3ЕД старшая:сестра-ДИМ прийти-ИМП прийти-ИМП прийти-ИМП МЕЖД МЕЖД МЕЖД МЕЖД 1ЕД DP 2ЕД-АКК/ДАТ сказать-0-NONPST DP homewards принести-NONPST-ЕД.1ЕД DP reconcile-0-ПРОШ DP reconcile-0-ПРОШ DP тот сестра-ДИМ-3ЕД ФОК летать-0-ПРОШ-3ДВ DP homewards ФОК идти-ПРОШ-0-3ДВ DP рыба убить-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ идти-0-ПРОШ сказать-0-ИМПФ-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST DP from:here вперед сказать-0-NONPST старшая:сестра-ДИМ-3ЕД сказать-0-NONPST younger:brother-ДИМ один рыба if убить-NONPST-0-2ДВ сказать-0-NONPST один piece-0-3ЕД 2ЕД есть-ИМП.ЕД один piece-0-3ЕД 1ЕД есть-NONPST-ЕД.1ЕД reconcile-ПРОШ-0-3ДВ DP DP этот день что together быть-NONPST-0-3ДВ
He went and went and found his sister. Skin and bones remained. Skin and bones remained. He called his sister to come home: “Sister, come, come, chirp-chirp-chirp. I will take you home now,” he said. He made up to her, made up to her, together with the sister they flew off and came home. Again he went fishing and said: “Now,” said the brother, “if we catch a fish, you eat one half and I will eat one half.” They made up and still live like that.
Elder brother and younger brother (24)
pelək tɔχnəm-l pa ittam χuləm săχ-pi kurti kŭl iki śilta kim nawərm-ə-l-ə-t. ittam ńawrem lŏχi pa mŏntal-l-a pa jirs-ə-l-ə-l-a pa tu-l-a wan al-s-a, χŭw al-s-a, ńurəm-na et-s-ə-t, ńurəm kŭtəp-na χɔt ɔməs-t-al ńi-l-a.. numəs-l: “śi jŏχt-ə-pt-ə-l-aj-ə-m, śita śi păr-ə-t-l-aj-ə-m. jaj-em χŏti, law-ə-l, śi χɔrpi nem tăj-ə-s pa, law-ə-l, măn-em ńɔt-ti tɔŋχa ănt śi jŏχət-l, tărən sŏχ-i tŭmar urt, χult sŏχ-i tŭmar urt nem-na, law-ə-l, mŏsa-ji nemt-i-li-j-ə-m pa măn-em tɔŋχa ănt śi ńɔt-l-ə-lli.” jaj-ə-l śi kem-na nŏχ wer-em-ə-s, nŏχ lɔj-ə-mt-ə-s, “śi apś-em, law-ə-l, mŏla śi lŏwat jerəm-na pit-ə-s, mŏla śi lŏwat săr-na pit-ə-s, măn-em kăst-i-li-j-ə-l.” ti tŏχi sumət-li-j-ə-s, kim ńŏχəmt-ə-s pa tŭta măn-l. uj, wan-l-ə-l: apś-el al-l-a. jɔs-l-al kŭr-l-al pɔχəl-li jir-ə-m-ə-t pa tŏχi kŭm sitəs pa lăŋ-ti-ji. śi χɔrpi al-ti kesi lɔj-ə-l pa χɔt păti-na stena χŏśa. inl-ə-l lapət surəś wŭtat al wŏlij-ə-l inl-ə-l, śi χɔrpi χărŋaj-li kurti pa mŏla śi kinžal-ə-l ńărem-ə-s pa tŭt jŭχ pŏn-ti nŏχ ɔms-ə-s. nŏχ χɔŋχ-ə-s. apś-el jŏχi lăsk-ə-l-a, śi ...
half break-NONPST and that three iron coat-PROPR devil old:man from:there out jump-NONPST-0-3PL that child wretched and get-NONPST-PAS and tie-INTR-0-NONPST-PAS and bring-NONPST-PAS short lift-PST-PAS long lift-PST-PAS glade-LOC come:forth-PST-0-3PL glade middle-LOC house sit-NMLZ.IMPF-3SG seem-NONPST-PAS think-NONPST DP arrive-0-CAUS-0-NONPST-PAS-0-1SG there DP die-0-TR-NONPST-PAS-0-1SG elder:brother-1SG how say-0-NONPST DP like name have-0-PST and say-0-NONPST 1SG-ACC/DAT DP help-NMLZ.IMPF DP NEG FOC arrive-NONPST war hide-PROPR arrow spirit death hide-PROPR arrow spirit name-LOC say-0-NONPST what-TRANS name-0-IMPF-FREQ -0-NMLZ.PF and 1SG-ACC/DAT DP NEG FOC help-NONPST-0-SG.3SG elder:brother-0-3SG FOC after-LOC wake-INCH-0-PST up stand-0-INCH-0-PST DP younger:brother-1SG say-0-NONPST what FOC size poverty-LOC fall-0-PST what FOC size misfortune-LOC fall-0-PST 1SG-ACC/DAT seek-0-IMPF-FREQ-0-NONPST to:here to:there wear-IMPF-FREQ-0-PST out run-0-PST and there go-NONPST INTJ see-INTR-0-NONPST brother-3SG carry-NONPST-PAS arm-PL-3SG leg-PL-3SG herd-CAR tie-0-NMLZ.PF-0-N and to:there time get-0-PST and enter-NMLZ.IMPF-TRANS DP like lift-NMLZ.IMPF knife stand-0-NONPST and house bottom-LOC [wall] to blade-0-3SG seven span wide very:much shine-0-NONPST blade-0-3SG DP like rust-CAR iron and what DP [dagger]-0-3SG look-0-PST and fire tree put-NMLZ.IMPF up sit-0-PST up climb-0-PST younger:brother-3SG homewards throw-0-NONPST-PAS DP
half break-NONPST and тот три iron верхняя:одежда-ПРОПР черт старик from:there из прыгать-NONPST-0-3МН тот ребенок wretched and получить-NONPST-ПАС and связать-ИНТР-0-NONPST-ПАС and принести-NONPST-ПАС short lift-ПРОШ-ПАС длинный lift-ПРОШ-ПАС glade-ЛОК come:forth-ПРОШ-0-3МН glade середина-ЛОК дом сидеть-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-3ЕД seem-NONPST-ПАС think-NONPST DP прибыть-0-CAUS-0-NONPST-ПАС-0-1ЕД там DP умереть-0-TR-NONPST-ПАС-0-1ЕД старший:брат-1ЕД как сказать-0-NONPST DP любить name have-0-ПРОШ and сказать-0-NONPST 1ЕД-АКК/ДАТ DP помогать-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ DP НЕГ ФОК прибыть-NONPST война прятать-ПРОПР стрела spirit death прятать-ПРОПР стрела spirit name-ЛОК сказать-0-NONPST что-TRANS name-0-ИМПФ-ФРЕКВ -0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ and 1ЕД-АКК/ДАТ DP НЕГ ФОК помогать-NONPST-0-ЕД.3ЕД старший:брат-0-3ЕД ФОК после-ЛОК проснуться-ИНХ-0-ПРОШ вверх стоять-0-ИНХ-0-ПРОШ DP younger:brother-1ЕД сказать-0-NONPST что ФОК size poverty-ЛОК fall-0-ПРОШ что ФОК size misfortune-ЛОК fall-0-ПРОШ 1ЕД-АКК/ДАТ искать-0-ИМПФ-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST to:here to:there носить-ИМПФ-ФРЕКВ-0-ПРОШ из бежать-0-ПРОШ and там идти-NONPST МЕЖД видеть-ИНТР-0-NONPST брат-3ЕД нести-NONPST-ПАС arm-МН-3ЕД нога-МН-3ЕД herd-КАР связать-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-0-N and to:there время получить-0-ПРОШ and войти-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-TRANS DP любить lift-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ нож стоять-0-NONPST and дом bottom-ЛОК [wall] к blade-0-3ЕД семь span wide very:much сверкать-0-NONPST blade-0-3ЕД DP любить rust-КАР iron and что DP [dagger]-0-3ЕД смотреть-0-ПРОШ and огонь дерево положить-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ вверх сидеть-0-ПРОШ вверх climb-0-ПРОШ younger:brother-3ЕД homewards бросать-0-NONPST-ПАС DP
It split in two and the three demons in iron coats leapt out from it. Once again they bound the lad, the poor devil, again they tied him up, again they carried him off. They dragged him for a short or a long time and came out into the clearing. In the middle of the clearing stood a house. He thought: “They’re taking me there. They’ll destroy me there. My brother has a name, but he won’t likely come to help me. Why was he given the name, War-Arrow Spirit, Death-Arrow Spirit? I don’t think he’ll help me.” At the same time his brother woke up at home and jumped up. “My brother,” he said, “has gotten into big trouble, has gotten into great misfortune. He’s thinking of me.” He got dressed, leapt out, and set off for there. He looked: his brother was being dragged. His arms and legs were bound. He succeeded in getting there again. A shaman’s knife was standing in the far corner of the house against the wall. Its blade was seven spans wide. It glittered, its blade was made of non-rusting iron. He grabbed this dagger and crawled onto the firewood shelf. He crawled up. They threw his brother into the house.
The man of tales and the squirrel (11)
śi χɔrpi ur kŭl-ə-t ul-li-m-el pa śi χɔrpi l'al' wer-i-li-m-el pa śikəńśa jăm lŏwat kurt ul-li-m-al, jăm lŏwat wɔs ul-li-m-al pa śikəńśa ăsa liw-ə-m-ə-t neŋχuj-ə-t. ăsa păr-at-l-aj-ə-t pa śikəńśa i ńawrem-iji χiś-l χɔt śuŋ-na. i ńawrem-i χiś-l pa śikəńśa śi wɔs-l-na wan u-l, χŭw u-l tɔŋχa. nemətti kŭl ăn want-ij-ə-l lŭw χis-m-al jŭpi-na, nemətti meŋk ăn want-ij-ə-l. śi u-l, u-l, jɔχ lŏwat-ti ji-l, wɔj wel-ti lŏwat-ti ji-l, χŭl wel-ti lŏwat-ti ji-l, śikəńśa śi ur-l-na, śi χij-ə-m wɔs-l-na śiti śi ul. wɔj wel-ə-l, χul wel-ə-l. śikəńśa imŏsaj-na śikəńśa ur-na sus-ə-li-t-al săχajət pɔrχ-ə-l elti śiti śi mŏla sŭk-ij-et rij-l-ə-t. śijəś tăχa wer-l ănta. śi mil-ə-l tɔŋχa il mŏχət-man tăj-l-ə-l. śijəś wer-l ănta. śiti-ji jăŋχ-ə-l.
DP like forest devil-0-PL be-IMPF-NMLZ.PF-3PL and DP like war make-0-IMPF-NMLZ.PF-3PL and DP good size village be-IMPF-NMLZ.PF-3SG good size town be-IMPF-NMLZ.PF-3SG and DP all eat-0-NMLZ.PF-0-N person-0-PL all die-MULT-NONPST-PAS-0-3PL and DP one child-DIM remain:behind-NONPST house corner-LOC one child-DIM remain:behind-NONPST and DP DP town-3SG-LOC short be-NONPST long be-NONPST DP none devil NEG see-FREQ-0-NONPST 3 remain:behind-NMLZ.PF-3SG behind-LOC none goblin NEG see-FREQ-0-NONPST DP be-NONPST be man size-TRANS come-NONPST animal kill-NMLZ.IMPF size-TRANS come-NONPST fish kill-NMLZ.IMPF size-TRANS come-NONPST DP DP forest-3SG-LOC DP leave-0-NMLZ.PF town-3SG-LOC so FOC be animal kill-0-NONPST fish kill-0-NONPST DP one-LOC DP forest-LOC step-0-IMPF-NMLZ.IMPF-3SG then shoulder-0-3SG from so FOC what piece-DIM-0-PL fall-NONPST-0-3PL such place matter-3SG not:be DP cap-0-3SG DP down take:off-CVB have-NONPST-0-NONPST such thing-3SG not:be so-TRANS walk-0-NONPST
DP любить лес черт-0-МН быть-ИМПФ-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3МН and DP любить война делать-0-ИМПФ-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3МН and DP хороший size village быть-ИМПФ-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД хороший size город быть-ИМПФ-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД and DP весь есть-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-0-N человек-0-МН весь умереть-MULT-NONPST-ПАС-0-3МН and DP один ребенок-ДИМ remain:behind-NONPST дом corner-ЛОК один ребенок-ДИМ remain:behind-NONPST and DP DP город-3ЕД-ЛОК short быть-NONPST длинный быть-NONPST DP none черт НЕГ видеть-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST 3 remain:behind-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД за-ЛОК none goblin НЕГ видеть-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST DP быть-NONPST быть мужчина size-TRANS прийти-NONPST животное убить-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ size-TRANS прийти-NONPST рыба убить-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ size-TRANS прийти-NONPST DP DP лес-3ЕД-ЛОК DP оставить-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ город-3ЕД-ЛОК так ФОК быть животное убить-0-NONPST рыба убить-0-NONPST DP один-ЛОК DP лес-ЛОК шаг-0-ИМПФ-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-3ЕД тогда shoulder-0-3ЕД от так ФОК что piece-ДИМ-0-МН fall-NONPST-0-3МН such место matter-3ЕД not:be DP cap-0-3ЕД DP down take:off-КОНВ have-NONPST-0-NONPST such вещь-3ЕД not:be так-TRANS идти-0-NONPST
There were demons that made war. There was a big village, there was a big town, they ate up all the people. Everybody perished, one boy stayed in the corner of a house. One boy stayed, he lived in the town for a long time, for a short time. He saw no demons after he stayed, he saw no spirits. He lived, lived, grew up to be a man, grew up to be a hunter and a fisher. He lived in the forest and the abandoned town. He hunted and fished. Once while he was going through the woods, little pieces of something ell on his shoulders. He did not care. He took his cap off. He did not care. He went on.
Mitxuj and Melesnik (5)
śi ila-ji ji-s. mitχuj pa mel'esnik-ŋən kim et-l-ə-ŋən pa wan-l-ə-llən jina pa śi lŏw kim et-ə-s. lŏw kim et-ə-s pa jiŋk jiś-ti măn-l. lin śi lŏw χŏśa măn-l-ə-ŋən pa jălta wan-l-ə-llən, mŏla lŭw wer-l. śi lŏw-en jiŋk χŏśa măn-ə-s pa jiŋk jińś-ə-s pa śikəńśa părta măn-l. părta măn-l pa wan-l-ə-llən χŏləś tăχa măn-l śi lɔw-en. părta jŏχət-l pa śikəńśa lŏw χɔt-ə-l-na lăŋ-ə-l. lin pŭrəś imi χŏśa măn-l-ə-ŋən pa law-l-ə-ŋən ătti: śi lɔw-ən mɔs-l min-emən nŏχ wŭ-ti-ji” a pŭrəś imi law-ə-l: “mŏla śir-na niŋ ătti nŏχ wŭ-l-lən. śi lŏw nŏχ wŭ-l-lən ki, niŋ kŭl-na śi wel-l-aj-tən. nu, law-ə-l, pa ila-ji ji-l, χŭnti pa, law-ə-l ătti, jiŋk jiś-ti mănt-al-na śi pŏraj-na niŋ tup werit-l-ə-llən wŭ-ti-ji pa i pelək-na măn-ti-ji. i pelək-na pit-l-ə-tən ki, lŭw kŭl-na ănt mŏśat-l-aj-tən.
DP evening-TRANS come-PST Mitkhui and Melesnik-DU out come:forth-NONPST-0-3DU and see-NONPST-0-SG.3DU DP and horse out come:forth-0-PST horse out come:forth-0-PST and water drink-NMLZ.IMPF go-NONPST 3DU FOC horse to go-NONPST-0-3DU and from:behind see-NONPST-0-SG.3DU what 3 make-NONPST DP horse-2SG water to go-0-PST and water drink-0-PST and DP back go-NONPST back go-NONPST and see-NONPST-0-SG.3DU to:where place go-NONPST DP horse-2SG back arrive-NONPST and DP horse house-0-3SG-LOC enter-0-NONPST 3DU old woman to go-NONPST-0-3DU and say-NONPST-0-3DU DP DP horse-0-2DU must-NONPST 1DU-ACC/DAT up take-NMLZ.IMPF-TRANS [but] old woman say-0-NONPST what way-LOC 2DU DP up take-NONPST-SG.2DU DP horse up take-NONPST-SG.2DU if 2DU devil-LOC FOC kill-NONPST-PAS-2DU INTJ say-0-NONPST and evening-TRANS come-NONPST when and say-0-NONPST DP water drink-NMLZ.IMPF come-NMLZ.IMPF-3SG-LOC FOC time-LOC 2DU only can-NONPST-0-SG.2DU take-NMLZ.IMPF-TRANS and one half-LOC go-NMLZ.IMPF-TRANS one side-LOC fall-NONPST-0-2DU if 3 devil-LOC NEG get-NONPST-PAS-2DU
DP вечер-TRANS прийти-ПРОШ Mitkhui and Melesnik-ДВ из come:forth-NONPST-0-3ДВ and видеть-NONPST-0-ЕД.3ДВ DP and horse из come:forth-0-ПРОШ horse из come:forth-0-ПРОШ and вода drink-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ идти-NONPST 3ДВ ФОК horse к идти-NONPST-0-3ДВ and from:behind видеть-NONPST-0-ЕД.3ДВ что 3 делать-NONPST DP horse-2ЕД вода к идти-0-ПРОШ and вода drink-0-ПРОШ and DP назад идти-NONPST назад идти-NONPST and видеть-NONPST-0-ЕД.3ДВ to:where место идти-NONPST DP horse-2ЕД назад прибыть-NONPST and DP horse дом-0-3ЕД-ЛОК войти-0-NONPST 3ДВ старый женщина к идти-NONPST-0-3ДВ and сказать-NONPST-0-3ДВ DP DP horse-0-2ДВ must-NONPST 1ДВ-АКК/ДАТ вверх взять-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-TRANS [но] старый женщина сказать-0-NONPST что way-ЛОК 2ДВ DP вверх взять-NONPST-ЕД.2ДВ DP horse вверх взять-NONPST-ЕД.2ДВ if 2ДВ черт-ЛОК ФОК убить-NONPST-ПАС-2ДВ МЕЖД сказать-0-NONPST and вечер-TRANS прийти-NONPST когда and сказать-0-NONPST DP вода drink-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ прийти-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-3ЕД-ЛОК ФОК время-ЛОК 2ДВ only can-NONPST-0-ЕД.2ДВ взять-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-TRANS and один half-ЛОК идти-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-TRANS один сторона-ЛОК fall-NONPST-0-2ДВ if 3 черт-ЛОК НЕГ получить-NONPST-ПАС-2ДВ
Night fell again. Mitkhui and Melesnik went outside and looked–the horse really did come out. The horse came out and went to drink water. They went after the horse, they watched from afar what it was doing. The horse went to the water, drank water and came back. It came back and they watched where the horse was going. It came back and went into the stable. They went to the old woman and said: “We must take this horse.” But the old woman said: “How will you take it? If you take the horse the demon will kill you. When night falls again when it goes out to drink water only then will you be able to take it and cross to the other side. If you make it to the other side, the demon will not catch you. He can’t go on water.”
Maxim (13)
śi jăŋχ-ə-l, śi jăŋχ-ə-l śikəńśa, ittam χălaj-ə-l wŭ-l, ur-na lăsk-ə-l-li. śăməlt-l-ə-li, χŏti wer-l-ə-lli. jŏχi măn-l. apś-el śi kŭt ewəlt tuma wer-ə-s. tŭta ɔs taś u-l. “śi măn-l-ə-m pa tăm ŏχ-l-am-na ɔs sɔt kem ɔs lut-l-ə-m pa litit śi jɔs-na pit-l, ɔs sawi-ti neŋχ-et, law-ə-l, neŋχ-el mital-ə-l-am. kuśaj-ə-l ińśə-s-l-ə-m.” pa jaj-ə-l śita jesaś-t-al ewəlt sɔt ɔs lut-ə-s śi ŏχ-l-al-na. jŏχi tu-l-li, χɔt-ə-l kerət-man ijulti ɔs-ə-t nawər-li-l-ə-t. mitjɔχ mital-ə-s. jaj-ə-l śi werl-ə-l păr-s-ə-t pa apś-el χŏśa pa jŏχt-ə-s. apś-el pela law-ə-l: “pa tăməś wɔj-ə-t, law-ə-l, ɔs ăn tăj-s-en pa χălśa śi mŏśat-m-en?” “pa ma, law-ə-l, itta tɔmətta ŏχ-l-am-na, law-ə-l, lut-s-ə-m. lut-s-ə-m pa, law-ə-l, neŋχuj mital-ə-s-ə-m pa śita tătaś-ə-m.” pa năŋ χălśa wŭ-s-en?” “χălśa wŭ-s-em, ma ittam, law-ə-l, năŋ-en al-l-em.”
DP walk-0-NONPST DP walk-0-NONPST DP that dead-0-3SG take-NONPST forest-LOC throw-0-NONPST-SG.3SG bury-NONPST-0-SG.3SG how make-NONPST-0-SG.3SG homewards go-NONPST younger:brother-3SG FOC middle from thought make-0-PST there sheep herd be-NONPST DP go-NONPST-0-1SG and this money-PL-1SG-LOC sheep hundred after sheep buy-NONPST-0-1SG and food FOC arm-LOC fall-NONPST sheep tend-NMLZ.IMPF person-PL say-0-NONPST person-3SG employ-0-NONPST-PL.1SG master-0-3SG ask-0-NONPST-0-1SG and elder:brother-0-3SG there play-NMLZ.IMPF-3SG from hundred sheep buy-0-PST DP money-PL-3SG-LOC homewards bring-NONPST-SG.3SG house-0-3SG turn-CVB everywhere sheep-0-PL jump-IMPF-NONPST-0-3PL servant employ-0-PST elder:brother-0-3SG FOC can-0-NONPST die-PST-0-3PL and elder:brother-3SG to and arrive-0-PST younger:brother-3SG towards say-0-NONPST and like:this animal-0-PL say-0-NONPST sheep NEG have-PST-SG.2SG and from:where FOC get-NMLZ.PF-2SG and 1SG say-0-NONPST DP yesterday money-PL-1SG-LOC say-0-NONPST buy-PST-0-1SG buy-PST-0-1SG and say-0-NONPST person employ-0-PST-0-1SG and there here-1SG and 2SG from:where take-PST-SG.2SG from:where take-PST-SG.1SG and DP say-0-NONPST 2SG-ACC/DAT lift-NONPST-SG.1SG
DP идти-0-NONPST DP идти-0-NONPST DP тот dead-0-3ЕД взять-NONPST лес-ЛОК бросать-0-NONPST-ЕД.3ЕД bury-NONPST-0-ЕД.3ЕД как делать-NONPST-0-ЕД.3ЕД homewards идти-NONPST younger:brother-3ЕД ФОК середина от thought делать-0-ПРОШ там sheep herd быть-NONPST DP идти-NONPST-0-1ЕД and этот money-МН-1ЕД-ЛОК sheep стоянка после sheep buy-NONPST-0-1ЕД and еда ФОК arm-ЛОК fall-NONPST sheep tend-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ человек-МН сказать-0-NONPST человек-3ЕД employ-0-NONPST-МН.1ЕД хозяин-0-3ЕД спросить-0-NONPST-0-1ЕД and старший:брат-0-3ЕД там play-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-3ЕД от стоянка sheep buy-0-ПРОШ DP money-МН-3ЕД-ЛОК homewards принести-NONPST-ЕД.3ЕД дом-0-3ЕД turn-КОНВ everywhere sheep-0-МН прыгать-ИМПФ-NONPST-0-3МН servant employ-0-ПРОШ старший:брат-0-3ЕД ФОК can-0-NONPST умереть-ПРОШ-0-3МН and старший:брат-3ЕД к and прибыть-0-ПРОШ younger:brother-3ЕД в:направлении сказать-0-NONPST and like:this животное-0-МН сказать-0-NONPST sheep НЕГ have-ПРОШ-ЕД.2ЕД and from:where ФОК получить-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-2ЕД and 1ЕД сказать-0-NONPST DP yesterday money-МН-1ЕД-ЛОК сказать-0-NONPST buy-ПРОШ-0-1ЕД buy-ПРОШ-0-1ЕД and сказать-0-NONPST человек employ-0-ПРОШ-0-1ЕД and там здесь-1ЕД and 2ЕД from:where взять-ПРОШ-ЕД.2ЕД from:where взять-ПРОШ-ЕД.1ЕД and DP сказать-0-NONPST 2ЕД-АКК/ДАТ lift-NONPST-ЕД.1ЕД
He went on, then he took the corpse and threw it in the woods. He buried it, did what was necessary. He came home. In the meantime his younger brother had thought of something. There was a sheep herd there. “I’ll go there and buy around a hundred sheep, there will be food again. I’ll hire one of the people to tend them, I’ll ask the owner.” BY the time the brother had gotten there, he had bought a hundred sheep with the money and had brought them home. All around the house sheep were jumping. He had employed a worker. The elder brother finished his business and once more went to the younger brother’s and said: “So, you didn’t use to have animals like this, where did you get them from?” “I,” he said, “bought them yesterday for money. I bought them and hired a man for here.” “But where did you get them?” “I’ll tell you where I got them from,” he said.
Imi-Xili (48)
pa il ɔməs-l, i kŭr-l wŭr-l ńɔl-ə-l “ɔj anana, kăsi śi.” “pa śi ăn law-l-ə-m, law-ə-l, mŭtraj-ə-l mŏla seŋk śukət, law-ə-l, kun ănt u-l.” “ɔjɔjɔj,” śiti eŋəl-man, sur-man, śi χŏti mɔs-l wer-ə-s pa ŭw śir-na iśi arat ŭw-i-li-j-ə-l, eŋəl-m-ə-ji-l. al śi numəs-ij-ə-l: “mŏla pela, law-ə-l, ŭw-l-ə-n pa? ɔŋt-ə-ŋ wɔj kăs-ti wŭrat-l-ə-n pa itta năŋ-en śi law-l-em tɔmətta telna, mŏtti telna, suk-ə-ŋ rupata. suk-ə-ŋ mŭtra.” ja χŏti wer-l-a, śiti χŏti mɔs-l, săs lɔn-ə-l nŏχ χŏr-i-li-s-li ŭw sŭr-na. juχəl jinti wŭ-s, ńɔl-ə-l kit-s-ə-lli pa tŭm-el ńɔl-ə-l χŏśa ăn-sək jŏχt-ə-s, kŭt-na-sək pit-ə-s. ja atul. χŏti śi, jus et-ə-s, jus ńi-l-a. “ja măn-l-ə-mən”. iśi niml-ə-t tăj-m-al, niməl-ŋən sumət-s-ə-ŋən pa liməl-na śi sus-l-ə-ŋən itta jus-na χŭwat.
and down sit-NONPST one leg-3SG blood-3SG arrow-0-3SG DP DP pain FOC and DP NEG say-NONPST-0-1SG say-0-NONPST magic-0-3SG verb heavy say-0-NONPST light NEG be-NONPST INTJ so groan-CVB yell-CVB DP how must-NONPST make-0-PST and shout way-LOC same much shout-0-IMPF-FREQ-0-NONPST groan-INCH-0-FREQ-NONPST very:much FOC think-FREQ-0-NONPST what towards say-0-NONPST shout-NONPST-0-3SG horn-0-PROPR animal seek-NMLZ.IMPF struggle-NONPST-0-2SG and DP 2SG-ACC/DAT say-0-NONPST-SG.1SG yesterday with something with difficult-0-PROPR [work] difficult-0-PROPR magic DP how make-NONPST-PAS so how must-NONPST back tendon-0-NONPST up draw-0-IMPF-PST-SG.3SG shout way-LOC bow string take-PST arrow-0-NONPST send-PST-0-SG.3SG and that-3SG arrow-0-3SG to NEG-COMP arrive-0-PST middle-LOC-COMP fall-0-PST DP ever road come:forth-0-PST road seem-NONPST-PAS DP go-NONPST-0-1DU same ski-0-PL have-NMLZ.PF-3SG ski-DU dress-PST-0-3DU and ski-LOC step-NONPST-0-3DU that road-LOC along
and down сидеть-NONPST один нога-3ЕД blood-3ЕД стрела-0-3ЕД DP DP pain ФОК and DP НЕГ сказать-NONPST-0-1ЕД сказать-0-NONPST magic-0-3ЕД verb тяжелый сказать-0-NONPST свет НЕГ быть-NONPST МЕЖД так groan-КОНВ yell-КОНВ DP как must-NONPST делать-0-ПРОШ and кричать way-ЛОК same много кричать-0-ИМПФ-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST groan-ИНХ-0-ФРЕКВ-NONPST very:much ФОК think-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST что в:направлении сказать-0-NONPST кричать-NONPST-0-3ЕД рог-0-ПРОПР животное искать-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ struggle-NONPST-0-2ЕД and DP 2ЕД-АКК/ДАТ сказать-0-NONPST-ЕД.1ЕД yesterday с something с difficult-0-ПРОПР [работать] difficult-0-ПРОПР magic DP как делать-NONPST-ПАС так как must-NONPST назад tendon-0-NONPST вверх draw-0-ИМПФ-ПРОШ-ЕД.3ЕД кричать way-ЛОК лук string взять-ПРОШ стрела-0-NONPST послать-ПРОШ-0-ЕД.3ЕД and тот-3ЕД стрела-0-3ЕД к НЕГ-КОМП прибыть-0-ПРОШ середина-ЛОК-КОМП fall-0-ПРОШ DP ever road come:forth-0-ПРОШ road seem-NONPST-ПАС DP идти-NONPST-0-1ДВ same ski-0-МН have-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД ski-ДВ платье-ПРОШ-0-3ДВ and ski-ЛОК шаг-NONPST-0-3ДВ тот road-ЛОК вдоль
The other man sat down, too. From the blood of one of his leg … “Oh, it hurts, it hurts,” he screamed. “I said it was a difficult miracle,” he said. “It won’t be easy.” “Oh, oh, oh,” yelling, he did what was necessary, crying with loud cries, moaning. The other one thought: “What are you yelling for? You want to look for horned animals and I told you all of yesterday and before: this work is difficult. It’s a difficult miracle.” So, what should he do, as was necessary he pulled out a spinal tendon with a yell. He took the string of the bow, sent off an arrow, but the arrow did not reach the other’s, it fell in the middle. Fine. That’s the way it was. The path appeared, the path was visible. “So, let’s go.” Skis appeared for him, he put on the skis and set off down that path.
Squirrel (11)
imŏsaj-na śikəńśa śi nawərm-l, nawərm-l. itta ik-ij-el wan-man tăj-l-ə-lli pa ănti pa tăχa ewəlt jăŋχ-ə-m niŋ laŋki śiti śi ńuχl-ə-s. numəs-t-al: “ittam tăm ńawrem-l-am liw-i-li-j-ə-m ătti wɔj lŭw-el ti ki jŏχət-l, ma lulən χul χŭwat χuj-l-ə-m pa lulən li-l-aj-ə-t. ma esməŋ teχl-ə-m χŏśa jŏχət-t-em mŏsa χŭnti wŏli-l-ə-m. śita śi ul-ti pit-ti wer-em ul.” itta suptəŋ jŏχan pela wus-m-al pa śikəńśa itta laŋk-iji ɔmeŋ esməŋ lɔt-l-na jŏχət-l pa kat pelk-ə-l pela want-ij-ə-l pa siwəs ik-eŋən ɔməs-l-ə-ŋən. ńawrem-l-al pela ăŋkərt-ij-ə-l pa śikəńśa tel-iji ătti il χăńem-ə-m-el pa ăsa ɔməs-l-ə-t. ɔm-ew, law-ə-l, tɔmətta ɔreska elti măn-i-li-j-ə-s pa χŏl-na śi sij-ə-l ănta. ɔm-ij-el śi ewəlt ătti wɔj wel-ti neŋχuj-na wel-ə-m.” aś-el jŏχət-l pa tăm kăsəmis ewəlt aś-el jŏχt-ə-m pŏraj-na śi weləś śi ńawrem-l-al ɔm-el tŭta pa kat kŭr-pi χuj-en-na tɔŋχa wel-s-a tɔŋχa. śi aś-el-na tɔŋχa śi eŋm-ə-lt-ij-ə-m χŭwat ewəlt kat jŏχan kŭt ewəlt iki ji-l ńawrem-l-al kăs-t-al urəŋna.
one-LOC DP DP jump-NONPST jump-NONPST that old:man-DIM-3SG see-CVB have-NONPST-0-SG.3SG and DP and place from walk-0-NMLZ.PF woman squirrel so FOC speak-0-PST think-NMLZ.IMPF-3SG DP this child-PL-1SG eat-0-IMPF-FREQ-0-NMLZ.PF DP animal 3-ACC/DAT to:here if arrive-NONPST 1SG SBJV fir along lie-NONPST-0-1SG and SBJV eat-NONPST-PAS-0-3PL 1SG nourishing nest-0-1SG to arrive-NMLZ.IMPF-1SG what when cease-NONPST-0-1SG there FOC be-NMLZ.IMPF start-NMLZ.IMPF matter-1SG be that Supteng river towards cross-NMLZ.PF-3SG and DP that squirrel-DIM maternal nourishing place-3SG-LOC arrive-NONPST and two half-0-3SG towards see-FREQ-0-NONPST and owl old:man-DU sit-NONPST-0-3DU child-PL-3SG towards look-FREQ-0-NONPST and DP full-DIM DP down hide-0-NMLZ.PF-3PL and all sit-NONPST-0-3PL mother-1PL say-0-NONPST yesterday [nuts] from go-0-IMPF-FREQ-0-PST and where-LOC FOC noise-0-3SG not:be mother-DIM-3SG FOC from DP animal kill-NMLZ.IMPF person-LOC kill-0-NMLZ.PF father-3SG arrive-NONPST and this Kazymys from father-3SG arrive-0-NMLZ.PF time-LOC FOC straight:away FOC child-PL-3SG mother-3SG there and two leg-PROPR man-2SG-LOC DP kill-PST-PAS DP DP father-3SG-LOC DP DP grow-0-CAUS-FREQ-0-NMLZ.PF along from two river middle from old:man come-NONPST child-PL-3SG seek-NMLZ.IMPF-3SG for
один-ЛОК DP DP прыгать-NONPST прыгать-NONPST тот старик-ДИМ-3ЕД видеть-КОНВ have-NONPST-0-ЕД.3ЕД and DP and место от идти-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ женщина squirrel так ФОК говорить-0-ПРОШ think-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-3ЕД DP этот ребенок-МН-1ЕД есть-0-ИМПФ-ФРЕКВ-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ DP животное 3-АКК/ДАТ to:here if прибыть-NONPST 1ЕД СОСЛ fir вдоль лежать-NONPST-0-1ЕД and СОСЛ есть-NONPST-ПАС-0-3МН 1ЕД nourishing nest-0-1ЕД к прибыть-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-1ЕД что когда cease-NONPST-0-1ЕД там ФОК быть-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ начать-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ matter-1ЕД быть тот Supteng river в:направлении cross-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД and DP тот squirrel-ДИМ maternal nourishing место-3ЕД-ЛОК прибыть-NONPST and два half-0-3ЕД в:направлении видеть-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST and owl старик-ДВ сидеть-NONPST-0-3ДВ ребенок-МН-3ЕД в:направлении смотреть-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST and DP full-ДИМ DP down прятать-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3МН and весь сидеть-NONPST-0-3МН мать-1МН сказать-0-NONPST yesterday [nuts] от идти-0-ИМПФ-ФРЕКВ-0-ПРОШ and где-ЛОК ФОК noise-0-3ЕД not:be мать-ДИМ-3ЕД ФОК от DP животное убить-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ человек-ЛОК убить-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ отец-3ЕД прибыть-NONPST and этот Kazymys от отец-3ЕД прибыть-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ время-ЛОК ФОК straight:away ФОК ребенок-МН-3ЕД мать-3ЕД там and два нога-ПРОПР мужчина-2ЕД-ЛОК DP убить-ПРОШ-ПАС DP DP отец-3ЕД-ЛОК DP DP расти-0-CAUS-ФРЕКВ-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ вдоль от два river середина от старик прийти-NONPST ребенок-МН-3ЕД искать-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-3ЕД for
Then it jumped, jumped. The old man saw that the squirrel coming from another place was running. It thought: “If the animal which ate my children comes here I would lie down on the fir tree and let him eat me. Until I reach the home nest i will not stop. That’s what I must do.” And the old squirrel crossed the Supteng river and came to the birth and maternal place, looked to both sides. Two old owls were sitting. He is looking for the children, but all were hidden, were sitting. “Mother,” they said, “went out yesterday for cones and since then we have heard nothing of her.” The mother was apparently killed by the man who killed animals. Father had come, when father was coming from Kazymys, the mother of his children had apparently been killed here by the man on two legs. While the father was growing, the old man arrived from between the two rivers to look for his children.
The seven knives (5)
tăm ɔləŋ jiŋ-na mŭw-na ăn lep-ə-m ătti i χɔn ul-m-al. χɔn ul-m-al śikəńśa χɔn ătti mitχuj-ə-l ewəlt wɔχ-ə-l ătti lapət kesi stŏb lapət tăχa pela at sewerm-ə-s-li lapət tăχa pela stɔb χɔt-ə-ŋ kurt, wŭl kurt at ɔms-ant-ə-s. śiməś kes-et ul-t-el. śi kes-et ătti ul-l-ə-t, śi kes-et ănt ki tu-l-aj-ə-t, śi kes-et nu śi kes-et, law-ə-l ătti, ăn ki tu-l-aj-ə-t, i jŏχət-l pa śikəńśa wel-l-a.
this first river-LOC land-LOC NEG touch-0-NMLZ.PF DP one king be-NMLZ.PF-3SG king be-NMLZ.PF-3SG DP king DP servant-0-3SG from beg-0-NONPST DP seven knife [that] seven place towards OPT cut-PST-SG.3SG seven place towards [that] house-0-PROPR village big village OPT sit-FREQ-PST such knife-PL be-NMLZ.IMPF-3PL DP knife-PL DP be-NONPST-0-3PL DP knife-PL NEG if bring-NONPST-PAS-0-3PL DP knife-PL INTJ DP knife-PL say-0-NONPST DP NEG if bring-NONPST-PAS-0-3PL [and] arrive-NONPST and DP kill-NONPST-PAS
этот первый river-ЛОК земля-ЛОК НЕГ touch-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ DP один king быть-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД king быть-НМЛЗ.ПРФ-3ЕД DP king DP servant-0-3ЕД от beg-0-NONPST DP семь нож [тот] семь место в:направлении OPT резать-ПРОШ-ЕД.3ЕД семь место в:направлении [тот] дом-0-ПРОПР village большой village OPT сидеть-ФРЕКВ-ПРОШ such нож-МН быть-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-3МН DP нож-МН DP быть-NONPST-0-3МН DP нож-МН НЕГ if принести-NONPST-ПАС-0-3МН DP нож-МН МЕЖД DP нож-МН сказать-0-NONPST DP НЕГ if принести-NONPST-ПАС-0-3МН [and] прибыть-NONPST and DP убить-NONPST-ПАС
A tsar lived at the source of a river, not going into the earth. The tsar lived, he asked a worker for seven knives in order to cleave the earth in seven places, so that in seven places villages with houses, large towns would be formed. There were such knives. There were such knives, if he did not bring these knives, if he did not bring these knives and come, then he would be killed.
Kuzma and his strong comrades (11)
nu, śi jasŋ-ə-l χŏl-ə-s. pǟ ăntam. katn χăś-s-ə-ŋən. pǟ măn-l-ə-ŋən. χulmət jus χŏśa jŏχt-ə-s. a śi, law-ə-l, ma śi, law-ə-l, χăś-t-em ăntam, ma ma mŭw-em-na măn-l-ə-m. ak-en tăj-s-ə-n ki, ak-en tăj-ə-m jur-ə-t mŭŋ-ə-t u-s-uw, law-ə-l, jiri ki tăj-s-ə-n ki, jir-en tăj-ə-m jur-ə-t mŭŋ-ə-t uś-s-uw, năŋ-en ńɔt-ti-ji jăχ-s-uw. śi neŋχuj-na mŏśat-s-a əńśa, nɔms-en pit-ti χătl-na, law-ə-l, pɔri an ɔmt-i-li-j-ə-l-a, kewan ɔmt-i-li-j-ə-l-a, jăməs ul-a-tən, χŭw ki χŭw ul-a-tən, wan ki wan ul-a-tən.” śi. nu, kuśma iki jŏχi jŏχət-l itta ew-el pil-na, im-el pil-na, itta tăm χătl χŏl-na ul-l-ə-ŋən. amŏla χăl-s-ə-ŋən, χŏj-na wan-s-a?
INTJ DP speech-0-3SG be:exhausted-0-PST and not:be two remain-PST-0-3DU and go-NONPST-0-3DU three.ORD road to arrive-0-PST [but] DP say-0-NONPST 1SG DP say-0-NONPST remain-NMLZ.IMPF-1SG not:be 1SG 1SG land-1SG-LOC go-NONPST-0-1SG grandfather-2SG have-PST-0-2SG if grandfather-2SG have-0-NMLZ.PF power-0-PL 1PL-0-PL be-PST-1PL say-0-NONPST grandfather if have-PST-0-2SG if grandfather-2SG have-0-NMLZ.PF power-0-PL 1PL-0-PL find-PST-1PL 2SG-ACC/DAT help-NMLZ.IMPF-TRANS walk-PST-1PL DP person-LOC get-PST-PAS DP mind-2SG fall-NMLZ.IMPF day-LOC say-0-NONPST feast vessel set-0-IMPF-FREQ-0-NONPST-PAS kettle set-0-IMPF-FREQ-0-NONPST-PAS well be-IMP-DU long if long be-IMP-DU short if short be-IMP-DU DP INTJ Kuzma old:man homewards arrive-NONPST that girl-3SG companion-LOC woman-3SG companion-LOC DP this day where-LOC be-NONPST-0-3DU what die-PST-0-3DU who-LOC see-PST-PAS
МЕЖД DP speech-0-3ЕД be:exhausted-0-ПРОШ and not:be два остаться-ПРОШ-0-3ДВ and идти-NONPST-0-3ДВ три.ОРД road к прибыть-0-ПРОШ [но] DP сказать-0-NONPST 1ЕД DP сказать-0-NONPST остаться-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-1ЕД not:be 1ЕД 1ЕД земля-1ЕД-ЛОК идти-NONPST-0-1ЕД дед-2ЕД have-ПРОШ-0-2ЕД if дед-2ЕД have-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ power-0-МН 1МН-0-МН быть-ПРОШ-1МН сказать-0-NONPST дед if have-ПРОШ-0-2ЕД if дед-2ЕД have-0-НМЛЗ.ПРФ power-0-МН 1МН-0-МН найти-ПРОШ-1МН 2ЕД-АКК/ДАТ помогать-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ-TRANS идти-ПРОШ-1МН DP человек-ЛОК получить-ПРОШ-ПАС DP ум-2ЕД fall-НМЛЗ.ИМПФ день-ЛОК сказать-0-NONPST feast vessel set-0-ИМПФ-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST-ПАС чайник set-0-ИМПФ-ФРЕКВ-0-NONPST-ПАС хорошо быть-ИМП-ДВ длинный if длинный быть-ИМП-ДВ short if short быть-ИМП-ДВ DP МЕЖД Kuzma старик homewards прибыть-NONPST тот girl-3ЕД товарищ-ЛОК женщина-3ЕД товарищ-ЛОК DP этот день где-ЛОК быть-NONPST-0-3ДВ что умереть-ПРОШ-0-3ДВ кто-ЛОК видеть-ПРОШ-ПАС
So, he stopped talking. And he was gone. Two of them were left. They see them were left. “So,” he said, “I won’t stay either, I will go to my own land. If you had a grandfather, we found the strength that your grandfather had. If you had another grandfather, we found the strength that your other grandfather had. We came along to help you. We found you a wife. Now on the day when the thought comes to you, put out cups for a feast, put out a kettle, live well, live for a long or a short time.” So. Kuzma came home with his girl, with his wife, they are still alive today. Or maybe they have died, who knows?